nervous system - definizione. Che cos'è nervous system
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Cosa (chi) è nervous system - definizione

PART OF AN ANIMAL THAT COORDINATES ACTIONS AND SENSES
Nervous System; Neural; Nerve system; Nervous systems; Human Nervous System; Neurosystem; Neurogenic; Nervousystem; NS structure; Human nervous system; Nervous system (vertebrate); Neural system; Neuric; Systema nervosum; Systema nervorum; Comparative anatomy of the nervous system; Evolutionary origin of nervous systems; Neurally mediated
  • Nervous system of a bilaterian animal, in the form of a nerve cord with segmental enlargements, and a "brain" at the front
  • Layers protecting the brain and spinal cord.
  • Major elements in synaptic transmission. An electrochemical wave called an [[action potential]] travels along the [[axon]] of a [[neuron]]. When the wave reaches a [[synapse]], it provokes release of a small amount of [[neurotransmitter]] molecules, which bind to chemical receptor molecules in the membrane of the target cell.
  • Illustration of pain pathway, from [[René Descartes]]'s ''Treatise of Man''
  • Four stages in the development of the neural tube in the human embryo
  • Earthworm nervous system. ''Top:'' side view of the front of the worm. ''Bottom:'' nervous system in isolation, viewed from above
  • Human embryo, showing neural groove
  • Area of the human body surface innervated by each spinal nerve
  • Diagram showing the major divisions of the vertebrate nervous system.
  • Simplified schema of basic nervous system function: signals are picked up by sensory receptors and sent to the spinal cord and brain, where processing occurs that results in signals sent back to the spinal cord and then out to motor neurons
  • Internal anatomy of a spider, showing the nervous system in blue
  • Horizontal section of the head of an adult female human, showing skin, skull, and brain with [[gray matter]] (brown in this image) and underlying [[white matter]]

nervous system         
(nervous systems)
Your nervous system consists of all the nerves in your body together with your brain and spinal cord.
N-COUNT
nervous system         
¦ noun the network of nerve cells and fibres which transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.
Nervous system         
In biology, the classical doctrine of the nervous system determines that it is a highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body. The nervous system detects environmental changes that impact the body, then works in tandem with the endocrine system to respond to such events.

Wikipedia

Nervous system

In biology, the nervous system is the highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body. The nervous system detects environmental changes that impact the body, then works in tandem with the endocrine system to respond to such events. Nervous tissue first arose in wormlike organisms about 550 to 600 million years ago. In vertebrates it consists of two main parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves, which are enclosed bundles of the long fibers or axons, that connect the CNS to every other part of the body. Nerves that transmit signals from the brain are called motor nerves or efferent nerves, while those nerves that transmit information from the body to the CNS are called sensory nerves or afferent. Spinal nerves are mixed nerves that serve both functions. The PNS is divided into three separate subsystems, the somatic, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Somatic nerves mediate voluntary movement. The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system is activated in cases of emergencies to mobilize energy, while the parasympathetic nervous system is activated when organisms are in a relaxed state. The enteric nervous system functions to control the gastrointestinal system. Both autonomic and enteric nervous systems function involuntarily. Nerves that exit from the cranium are called cranial nerves while those exiting from the spinal cord are called spinal nerves.

At the cellular level, the nervous system is defined by the presence of a special type of cell, called the neuron. Neurons have special structures that allow them to send signals rapidly and precisely to other cells. They send these signals in the form of electrochemical impulses traveling along thin fibers called axons, which can be directly transmitted to neighboring cells through electrical synapses or cause chemicals called neurotransmitters to be released at chemical synapses. A cell that receives a synaptic signal from a neuron may be excited, inhibited, or otherwise modulated. The connections between neurons can form neural pathways, neural circuits, and larger networks that generate an organism's perception of the world and determine its behavior. Along with neurons, the nervous system contains other specialized cells called glial cells (or simply glia), which provide structural and metabolic support.

Nervous systems are found in most multicellular animals, but vary greatly in complexity. The only multicellular animals that have no nervous system at all are sponges, placozoans, and mesozoans, which have very simple body plans. The nervous systems of the radially symmetric organisms ctenophores (comb jellies) and cnidarians (which include anemones, hydras, corals and jellyfish) consist of a diffuse nerve net. All other animal species, with the exception of a few types of worm, have a nervous system containing a brain, a central cord (or two cords running in parallel), and nerves radiating from the brain and central cord. The size of the nervous system ranges from a few hundred cells in the simplest worms, to around 300 billion cells in African elephants.

The central nervous system functions to send signals from one cell to others, or from one part of the body to others and to receive feedback. Malfunction of the nervous system can occur as a result of genetic defects, physical damage due to trauma or toxicity, infection, or simply senesence. The medical specialty of neurology studies disorders of the nervous system and looks for interventions that can prevent or treat them. In the peripheral nervous system, the most common problem is the failure of nerve conduction, which can be due to different causes including diabetic neuropathy and demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroscience is the field of science that focuses on the study of the nervous system.

Esempi dal corpus di testo per nervous system
1. The drugs are central–nervous–system depressants.
2. The drugs are central nervous system depressants.
3. The poison attacked his nervous system, making him violently ill.
4. "These movements show his nervous system is reconnecting.
5. The brain and nervous system are fully developed.